Understanding how uncertainty in parameter and input values is propagated through the simulator informs future studies. That is, a thorough sensitivity analysis will identify which parameters require further investigation to reduce the uncertainty in the final product.
Traditional sensitivity analysis methods require a large number of simulator runs. If the simulator takes a long time to run then sensitivity analysis is impractical and sometimes impossible. The use of efficient emulators or other approximations to the simulator is an important tool that allows for a complete sensitivity analysis of even the most complex computer models.
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, which can also can be found in The R Journal.